Fuel generating apparatus



April 1932- w. s. CARLSTON ET AL 1,852,343

FUEL GENERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 9, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 5,1932. w. s. CARLS TON ET AL 1,852,343

FUEL GENERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 9, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A, A A -MIE1 N mmflpw J Fatented .ihpr. 5. 1932 UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'WLLLIAM E. UAIRLSTON AND ROBERT IE. HIEGER, OF KOKOMO, INDIANA,ABSIGNORS TO IB'YRNE, KINGSTON & COMPANY, OF KOKOMO, INDIANA, A.CORPQRATION F IDTDHNL rum. ennmrme' APPARATUS 'Application filedFebruary 9, 1927. Serial No. 188,880.

This invention relates to a fuel generating apparatus, and particularlyto an apparatus which is adapted to prepare liquid fuel for efl'ectivepower production in the combustion chambers of an internal combustionengine.

Specifically this invention contemplates the initial admixture of aliquid fuel with limited quantity of air, the atomization of suchmixture, further heatin of the atomiaed mixture to a relatively ightemperature, then metering the highly heated mixture and mixing the samewith relatively cool air to form a properly pro ortioned gaseous mixthrefor efficient com. ustion.

A further important object of this invention resides in the provision ofimproved means for idling and starting purposes.

Another important object of this invention consists in the provisionot'a rotary element which operates to control mixture quantity andquality, and which at the same time iEtlIlCtlOIiS to variably increasethe velocity of the main air supply.

lit is finally an important object of this invention to provide anapparatus for the purpose described which may be readily calibrated, andwhich has a minimum of moving parts.

Uther and further important objects of this invention will be apparentfrom the disclosures in the specification and the accompanying drawings.

The lnvention (in a preferred form) is shown on the drawings andhereinafter more fully described.

U11 the drawings:

Figure l is a front elevation with parts shown in dotted linesillustrating a'fuel generating apparatus embodying the principles ofthis invention.

Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 1 with parts shown inelevation.

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view similar to Figure 2taken on the line THHI of Figure 2.

As shown. on the drawings:

The reference numeral 1 indicates the exhanst manifold of an internalcombustion engine which is preferably cast integral with undesirableforeign matter into an intake manifold 2, being separated therefrom byintegral risers 3. The central portion of the exhaust manifold 1 isflattened as indicated. at 4 and is provided with a depending flangedportion 5 on which a carburetor assembly 6 is supported by usual bolts7.

An an introducing and mixture control mechanism is provided in a casing8 which communicates with, the intake manifold 2 throu h an opening 9,and which is secured to sai intake manifold by suitable securing bolts.The front wall of the flattened ortion l of the exhaust manifold isPIOVl'dBd with a pair of substantially parallel passages 11 and 12 whichextend in a substantially vertical direction and which afford chambersrespectively for the reheating of air to be car uretted and for t eheating of the richl carburetted air which flows therethroug duringoperation of the apparatus of this invention. The chamber or passa e 11terminates in a horizontal passage boss 13 which is provided withlateral openings 14, and which has rotatably mounted thereon acylindrical valve 15 which has an opening therein adapted to registerwith the 0 ening 14, and which also has a small air mlet opening-16therein to admit a limited amount of air into the chamber 11 for puroses of starting in a manner to be describe? hereinafter. Thecylindrical valve 15 is operatively connected to a lateral shaft 17which is rotatably mounted in a passage a in the cas-' ing 8 and whichcarries a choke valve 18 of usual form therein for closing the assa 6 8ato the flow of air. The outer on of t e chamber 17 is provided with ausual crank type control lever 19 which may be connected in the usualmanner for manual actuation and which is so controlled by a spring 20 asto normall hold the choke valve 18 inopen position. 11 order to preventobjectionable noises andalso to prevent the drawing of assage 8a theouter end thereof is closed by a ell shaped baflle casing 21 whichpermits air to flow into the passage thru opemngs 22 therein.

The lower end of heating chamber 11 communicates with a restricted passee 23 extending into the carbureting cham er 24 of mo with saidcarbureting chamberthrough a pas sage which similarly is preferablysmaller in cross-sectional area than the chamber 12. By virtue of thisconstruction, air, which is reheated in the chamber 11, is drawn downmto the carbureting chamber 24 where it is drawn past the carbureternozzle 26 and richly carburetted to form an atomized fuelmixture'containing a large excess of fuel. This mixture is drawnupwardly into the heating chamber 12 where it is further heated to arelatively high temperature prior to the formation of the final fuelmixture which is brought about in a manner which will now be described.v

.The rich highly heated mixture from the V chamber 12 is dischargedthrou h a lateral connecting tube 27 and a lat'era passage in the casing8 into a second-lateral chamber 28 in said casing 8. Said lateralchamber 28 in turn is provided with a plurality of outlets into the mainair passage 8a in said casing 8. The first of said outlets comprises a Imetered idling and starting passage 29 which intersects an air passage30 communicating with passage 8a'inside the choke valve 18 in order thatthere may be no leakage in starting. The other passages from said assageor chamber 28, which may be termed t e high speed and normal operatingjets, or passages, are shown in Figure 1 at 31 and communicate with theinterior of a rotary controlmem v sages, or jets, 31 previouslymentioned communicate with. a bearing chamber in the easing 8 in which ahollow trunnion 33a of the valve 32 is journalled. The hollow trunnion33a is cut away as indicated at 34 so that the fuel mixture dischargedfrom the jets 31 may be variably introduced in the interior thereof. Theinterior of said hollow trunnion 33a in turn communicates through apassage 34a which opens into the throat of the Venturi passage 33 in amanner best illustrated in Figure 3. The other end of the plug valve 32is mounted on a usual trunnion which extendsthrough a plate 35 securedto the casing 8 and secured to the end of said last mentioned trunnionis a throttle valve control crank which is designated by the referencenumeral 36.

vention may be briefly described as follows:

In starting the engine on which this apparatus is mounted the cranklever 19 is actuated to close the choke valve 18 which in turn bringsthe cylindrical valve 16 to such position that the chamber 11 onlycommunicates with the atmosphere through the small opening 16 in saidvalve 15. Air drawn through this small opening enters the chamber 11 inthe exhaust manifold 4: and is drawn into the carbureting chamber 24where it is richly carburetted by liquid fuel from the nozzle 26 andthence drawn through the passage 25 into the chamber 12. During this 0eration the plug throttle valve 32 is in c osed position and the mixturefor starting is drawn through the metered get in passage 29, being mixedwith a limite amount of air from the assage 30. This comprises theoperation w ereby a rich gaseous fuel mixture The operation o f theapparatus of this in- In normal operation of the carbureter throu h theworkin and hi h s eed ran es the fl w of air throi igh the I p g 33 andpast the outer end of passage 30 is sufficient to so equalize thepressure of the ends of the passages 29 and 30 as to gradually bringabout a condition of equalization and render certain passagesinoperative. In this normal and high speed operation the highly heatedrich fuel mixture is drawn through the jet or passage 31 and through thehollow trunnion 33a and passage 34a into the throat of the venturi 33where it is thoroughly mixed while in its highly heated condition withrelatively cool air entering from the passage 8a. The flow of the richlycarburetted highly heated fuel mixture into the throat of the Venturipassage 33 is, of course, metered as the cut-out portion 34 in thetrunnion 33a is more or less effective in area depending upon the amountof opening of the throttle valve 32, consequently a properlyproportioned highly heated gaseous fuel mixture is provided throughoutthe operating range.

By use of the apparatus of this invention satisfactory operation withlow grade fuels is assured, crank case dilution is minimized, and sinceproper proportions are maintained through substantially the entireoperating range we are able to attain economical operation. Due to thefact thatthe passages 27 and 28 are large relative to the jet or passage31, and relative to the idling jet, or passage, 29 a reserve of richlycarburetted fuel enturi passage,

lot

sults of this apparatus are attained without loss of volumetricefiiciency.

The apparatus of this invention may be easily calibrated, economicallymanufactured,

and contains a minimum of moving parts which are likely to get out oforder.

We are awarethat numerous details of construction may be varied througha wide range without departing from the principles of this invention andwe therefore do not purpose limiting the patent granted hereon otherwisethan necessitated by the prior art.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a device of the kind described, an air preheating chamber, meanscommunicating therewith whereby the air heated in said chamber may berichly carburetted with liquid fuel, a second chamber in which saidcarburetted air is heated to a relatively high temperature, means forregulating the flow of such high temperature carburetted air from saidchamber, means for mixing such highly carburetted heated air with arelative- 1 large quantity of relatively cool air as it flhws from saidmetering means and a single means for controlling said last mentionedair admitting means and said regulating means.

2. In a device of the kind described, an air preheating chamber, meanscommunicating therewith whereby the air heated in said chamber may berichly carburetted with liquid fuel, a second chamber in which saidcarburetted air is heated to a relatively high temperature, means forregulating the flow of such high temperature carburetted air from saidchamber, means for mixing such highly carburetted heated air with arelatively large quantity of relatively cool air as it flows from saidmetering means and a rotary means for controlling said last mentionedair admitting means and said regulating means.

3. The combination with an internal combustion engine and the exhaustand intake manifolds thereof, of a pair of heating chambers formed in awall of the *exhaust manifold, a carbureting chamber separatelyconnected to said heating chambers, a controllable air inlet to onechamber, a controllable mixture outlet from the other chamber, and meansfor introducing relatively large quantities of relatively cool air intothe mixture flowing from said mixture outlet.

4. The combination with an internal combustion engine and the exhaustand intake manifolds thereof, of a pair of substantially parallelheating chambers formed in a wall of the exhaust manifold, a carburetingchamber separately connected to said heating chambers, a controllableair inlet to one chamher, a controllable mixture outlet from the otherchamber, and means for introducing relatively large quantities ofrelatively cool air into the mixture flowing from said mixture outlet.

5. The combination with an internal combustion engine and the exhaustand-intake manifolds thereof, of a pair of heating chambers formed in awall of the exhaust manifold, a carbureting chamber separately connectedto said heating chambers, a controllable air inlet to one chamber, acontrollable mixture outlet from the other chamber, means forintroducing relatively large quantities of relatively cool air into themixture flowing from said mixture outlet, and means of limitedcross-sectional area communicating with said second mentioned chamberand with the im take manifold through which fuel mixture is introducedfor starting and idling the engine, said last mentioned means alsocommunicating with the air introducing means.

6. The combination with an internal combustion engine and the exhaustand intake manifolds thereof, of a pair of heating chambers formed in awall of the exhaust manifold, a carbureting chamber separately connectedto said heating chambers, a controllable air inlet to one chamber, acontrollable mixture outlet from the other chamber, means forintroducing relatively large quantities of relatively cool air into themixture flowing from said mixture outlet, the connections between thecarbureting chamber and said heating chambers being of smallercross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the heatingchambers.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Kokomo,Howard County, Indiana.

WILLIAM S. CARLSTON. ROBERT H. HIEGER.

